The HTML Document Outline: Headings, Sections, and Hierarchy
How heading levels and HTML5 sectioning elements create document structure, what the proposed outline algorithm was and why it failed, and how to build heading …
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Accessible HTML Forms: Labels, Errors, and Focus Management
How to build forms that work for everyone — label association, error messaging patterns, fieldset and legend for grouped controls, and the focus management that …
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Responsive Images: srcset, sizes, and the picture Element
How the browser selects among image candidates — the srcset descriptor syntax, the sizes attribute calculation, the picture element for art direction, and …
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Progressive Enhancement as a Design Discipline
What progressive enhancement actually means in practice — not a nostalgic HTML-first dogma, but a structural approach to building interfaces that work for more …
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XHTML vs HTML5: What Changed and Why It Mattered
The history of XHTML — why it was created, what it required, why it failed to replace HTML, and what HTML5 learned from the XHTML era that shapes modern web …
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<abbr> and Acronyms in HTML: Semantics for Shortened Terms
How to mark up abbreviations and acronyms in HTML correctly — what the abbr element does, when to use title attributes, screen reader behavior, and the …
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.htaccess and mod_rewrite: A Practical Reference
A working guide to Apache .htaccess configuration — RewriteRule syntax, redirect chains, common patterns for URL normalization, trailing slash enforcement, and …
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URL Design for the Long Haul
How to design URLs that stay stable for decades — slug patterns, directory depth, canonical decisions, and the technical implementation behind permanently …
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Semantics, HTML, and Document Structure
How semantic HTML elements — article, section, nav, aside, main — shape document structure, accessibility, and the user experience of every interface.
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HTML Form Validation: Input Types, Patterns, and the Constraint Validation API
How native HTML form validation works — input types, required, pattern, and the Constraint Validation API — before a single line of custom JavaScript.
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HTML5 Media Elements: Video, Audio, and the End of the Plugin Era
How the video and audio elements replaced Flash and other plugins, what native browser controls provide, and how to handle formats and fallbacks.
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