Popover API and dialog: Building Native Modals Without a Modal Library
The popover attribute and the dialog element now cover menus, toasts, and modals natively. Here is what each does, where they differ, and what still needs code.
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The HTML Document Outline: Headings, Sections, and Hierarchy
How heading levels and HTML5 sectioning elements create document structure, what the proposed outline algorithm was and why it failed, and how to build heading …
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Accessible HTML Forms: Labels, Errors, and Focus Management
How to build forms that work for everyone — label association, error messaging patterns, fieldset and legend for grouped controls, and the focus management that …
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ARIA Roles in Practice: When to Use Them and When Not To
The first rule of ARIA — use native HTML — and when ARIA roles are actually necessary: the patterns where native HTML falls short and assistive technology needs …
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Responsive Images: srcset, sizes, and the picture Element
How the browser selects among image candidates — the srcset descriptor syntax, the sizes attribute calculation, the picture element for art direction, and …
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CSS Date and Calendar Display Patterns
CSS techniques for displaying dates, timestamps, and calendar interfaces — formatting, layout patterns, and the semantic HTML that should sit underneath them.
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Progressive Enhancement as a Design Discipline
What progressive enhancement actually means in practice — not a nostalgic HTML-first dogma, but a structural approach to building interfaces that work for more …
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<abbr> and Acronyms in HTML: Semantics for Shortened Terms
How to mark up abbreviations and acronyms in HTML correctly — what the abbr element does, when to use title attributes, screen reader behavior, and the …
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Testing with Lynx: What Text-Based Browsing Reveals About Your HTML
How testing with the Lynx text browser exposes structural weaknesses in HTML that visual browsers hide — and why the fixes make every user's experience better.
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Semantics, HTML, and Document Structure
How semantic HTML elements — article, section, nav, aside, main — shape document structure, accessibility, and the user experience of every interface.
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HTML Form Validation: Input Types, Patterns, and the Constraint Validation API
How native HTML form validation works — input types, required, pattern, and the Constraint Validation API — before a single line of custom JavaScript.
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